Inheritance Pattern and Important Genes in Fruit Crops

Inheritance Pattern and Important Genes in Fruit Crops

Mango

1. Dwarfness – Recessive gene

2. Regularity & fruit quality – Gene linkage

3. Orange flesh colour – Duplicate gene action

4. Bacarotene & TSS – Additive gene action

5. Fruit size – Poly gene

6. Red skin colour – Duplicate gene action

7. Bacterial canker – Cytoplasmic nature

8. Floral malformation – Recessive gene

Banana

1. Seed sterility – Cytogenetic factor

2. Vegetative parthenocarpy – Complementary dominant gene

3. Sterility edible diploid – Genetic female sterility

4. Resistant to sigatoka & panama wilt – Several dominant gene

5. Apical dominance – Major recessive gene

6. Sucker habit – Duplicate gene action

7. Dwarf habit – Single recessive gene

8. Bunch habit – Oligogenic

Citrus

1. Trifoliate leaf/anthocyanin colouration in leaf – Single dominant gene

2. Nucellar embryony – 1 to 2 dominant gene

3. Thorniness, pubescence and presence of oil glands – Dominant gene

4. Cold tolerance – Multi genes

Grape

1. Seedless – Recessive gene

2. Thickness and large cane, internodes, vigorousness, dropping habit, pentagonal leaf shape, early maturing, round berry, black berry, low bunch weight, oval shape of seed – Dominant gene

3. Black colour is dominant and epistatic to that for red white fruit with red fruit dominant to white.

Guava

1. Red pulp colour – Monogenic

2. Red flesh & bold seed – Linkage

3. Obovoid shape – Dominant gene

4. Triploidy – Female sterility

Litchi

1. High heritability and high genetic advance for fresh seed weight, fruit weight, fruit volume and fresh dry and pulp weight.

2. Positive strong correlation between fruit & seed weight and total sugar, ascorbic acid, protein and tryptophan contents.

3. Path analysis indicates the direct positive effect of the peel and seed coat and aril size and negative effect of aril on embryo.

Pomegranate

1. Rind weight, acidity, fruit weight, aril per fruit, yield of tree and number of fruit/tree – High heritability and high genetic advance.

2. Positive correlation between smaller fruit and bright aril colour.

3. Positive and strong correlation between bright fruit colour, TSS and bark aril colour and TSS.

Papaya

1. Sex expression – Single gene with three alleles

2. Male plant (M₁m) – Heterozygous

3. Hermaphrodite plant (M₂m) – Heterozygous

4. Pistilate plant (mm) – Homozygous

Pineapple

1. Spineless – Dominant gene

Aonla

1. Incompatibility – Dominant gene

2. Yield – Polygenes

Apple

1. Fruit colour & spineness – Polygenes

2. Multiple disease resistance, burrnots, columnar form, branching habit – Genetic markers

3. Disease resistance – Polygenes

Peach

1. Yellow/white flesh, melting flesh, free stone, skin – Major genes

2. Tree habit, flower type – Major gene

3. Fruit size, shape, juice, acidity, TSS, cold hardiness, chilling – Multigenes

4. Sweetness – Dominant gene

Cashew Nut

1. A positive colouration of weight of nut with girth and intermodal length.

2. High yielding tree likely to be bearer medium sized nut.

3. A positive correlation between seed and seedling characteristic and between seedling and juvenile phase characters.

4. A positive correlation between yield and bisexual flower.

Pear

1. Juiciness – Single dominant gene

2. Fruit size, resetting, ripening season & keeping quality – Polygenes

Plum

1. Fruit shape – Multiple genes

2. Yellowish in colour – Recessive to black, purple or red colour.

3. Free stone characteristics – Recessive to cling stone.

Almond

1. Chilling requirement – Multiple genes

2. Blossom time – Major dominant gene

3. Self fruitful – Dominant gene

4. Tree characteristics – Additive gene action

5. Time of ripening – Polygenic

6. Hard shell – Two major alleles

7. Bitterness – Single recessive gene

8. Disease resistance – Qualitative genes

Pecan Nut

1. Nut size, shape, shell and kernel weight, kernel appearance – Environmental

2. Dichogamy & stigma colour – Single gene

3. Protogyny & red stigma – Dominant gene