Important Physiological Disorders in Fruit Crops
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Important Physiological Disorders in Fruit Crops
Physiological disorders are abnormalities in plants which are associated to non-pathogenic factors. The important physiological disorder of fruit crops are below:
| S.N. | Crop | Disorder | Causes | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Mango | i. Black tip | B deficiency, due to smoke of brick kilns | Borax spray (0.6%) |
| ii. Malformation | Due to low temperature; Bombay Green – highly susceptible | Resi. Var. – Bahaduran, Illachi, Mangeera, Alif | ||
| iii. Alternate bearing | Alphonaso is highly susceptible | Cultar (PBZ) application | ||
| iv. Spongy tissue | Due to heat convection (major problem in Alphonso) | Rest. Var. – Ratna, Arka Aruna, Arka Puneet, Arka Anmol | ||
| v. Jhumka (clustering) | Improper pollination & fertilization, low temperature in Feb.–March | — | ||
| vi. Leaf scorch | Chloride toxicity, Excess K | — | ||
| vii. Internal necrosis | B deficiency | Highly susceptible – Dashehari; Free – Neelum, Langra | ||
| viii. Jelly seed | — | Highly susceptible – Tomy Atkins | ||
| ix. Taper tip | — | Dashehari susceptible | ||
| x. Softnose | Excess of Ca and N₂ deficiency | — | ||
| xi. Girdle necrosis | — | — | ||
| 2. | Banana | i. Neer vazhai (water banana) | — | Susceptible – Nendran |
| ii. Kotta vazhai (Seed banana) | — | Susceptible – Poovan | ||
| iii. Improper bunch filling | — | — | ||
| iv. Degrain | Due to excessive fertilizers | Dropping of ripe fruits | ||
| v. Yellow pulp | Excess K & deficiency of N, S | Abnormal premature of fruits | ||
| vi. Gooseflesh | Common during winters | — | ||
| 3. | Citrus | i. Granulation | High temperature & high R.H. during ripening | Spray of lime |
| ii. Leaf mottling/frenching | Zn deficiency | — | ||
| iii. Exanthema/Ammoniation or dieback | Cu deficiency | — | ||
| iv. Yellow leaf of citrus | Mo deficiency | — | ||
| v. Creeping stem | Main problem of acid lime & Sathgudi sweet orange | — | ||
| 4. | Grape | i. Hen & Chicken disorder | Bo deficiency | — |
| ii. Millerandage | Bo deficiency | — | ||
| iii. Berry/blossom drop | Improper pollination & fertilization | — | ||
| iv. Coulure & shot berries | Bo deficiency | — | ||
| v. Pink berry formation | High temperature | Common in Thomson Seedless and its clone | ||
| vi. Uneven ripening | Susceptible – Gulabi, BB | Application of ethephon (250 ppm) | ||
| vii. Calyx end rot | Ca deficiency | — | ||
| 5. | Guava | i. Bronzing | Zn deficiency | L-49 is more susceptible than Allahabad Safeda |
| 6. | Litchi | i. Fruit cracking | Excess water & high temp. | — |
| ii. Little leaf & leaf bronzing | — | — | ||
| 7. | Aonla | i. Fruit necrosis | Bo deficiency | Sus. – Francis, rest. Chakaiya |
| 8. | Pomegranate | i. Fruit cracking | Bo deficiency, moisture imbalance (more in Mrig Bahar) | Tolerant – Khandari, Alandi, Bedana Bosec |
| ii. Internal break down | More in Ambe Bahar | — | ||
| 9. | Persimmon | i. Calyx end rot | Ca deficiency | — |
| ii. Sujika | Common in low yielding trees | — | ||
| 10. | Avocado | i. Dry neck | — | — |
| 11. | Custard apple | i. Stone fruit | High R.H. & low temperature | — |
| ii. Woodiness | Uneven Ca level | Presence woody seed pocket | ||
| 12. | Sapota | i. Cocks comb | — | — |
| 13. | Pineapple | i. Multiple crown/fasciations | Genetically/nutritional factor | Susceptible – Kew |
| ii. Sun scald | Exposure of direct sunlight on fruits, wider spacing | Use HDP | ||
| iii. Sun scald | Exposure of fruit to sun rays | — | ||
| 14. | Mangosteen | i. Gamboges | Heavy rainfall | Yellow exudation of gum on fruits |
| 15. | Apple | i. Bitter pit/cracking | Ca deficiency | — |
| ii. Water core | Bo deficiency | — | ||
| iii. Jonathon spot | Water deficiency | — | ||
| iv. Wither tip | Cu deficiency | — | ||
| v. Rosette leaves | Zn deficiency | — | ||
| vi. Interveinal chlorosis | Mg deficiency | — | ||
| vii. Endoxerosis (June drop) | Water deficiency | — | ||
| viii. Early drop | Improper pollination, fertilization | — | ||
| ix. Scald | Storage at high temperature | — | ||
| x. Internal browning | Susceptible variety – Yellow Newton | — | ||
| xi. Storage breakdown | Susceptible var. Golden Delicious, Yellow Newton | — | ||
| 16. | Pear | i. Black end | Water deficiency | — |
| ii. Pear scald | Prolong handling of fruits in storage | Susceptible – Conference | ||
| 17. | Peach | i. Wooliness | — | — |
| 18. | Apricot | i. Tip burning | Due to high temperature | — |
| ii. Apolexy | — | — | ||
| 19. | Strawberry | i. Albinism | Lack of fruit colour during ripening | — |
| 20. | Coconut | i. Crown chocking | Bo deficiency | — |
| ii. Little leaf | Zn deficiency | — | ||
| 21. | Tea | i. Tea yellow disease | S deficiency | — |
| 22. | Coffee | i. Black bean/black jolloo/normal jolloo | Depletion of CHOs reserve during bean | — |
| 23. | Cocoa | i. Cherelle wilt | — | — |
| 24. | Rubber | i. Tapping panel dryness (TPD)/brown blast | Excessive harvesting of latex | Tapping test |
| 25. | Arecanut | i. Band disease | Improper drainage | — |
| 26. | Papaya | i. Freckles | Unknown | Wrapping of young fruits with white paper bags |
| 27. | Pecan nut | i. Mouse ear | Deficiency of Mg | — |