Importance of Rootstock in Fruit Production
· 2026-10-02 22:04:42 · 9 views · 0 downloads
Importance of Rootstock in Fruit ProductionRootstockRootstock – Produce root system to the plant.
Two Types
Rootstock – Produce root system to the plant.
Two Types
1. Seedling Rootstock
Develops from germinated seeds.
Drawback: Genetic variation occurs in seedlings.
Mango, ber & pecan nut.
2. Clonal Rootstock
Multiplication through vegetative means i.e. stooling, layering, root cutting etc.
Polyembryony sp. of citrus seedling, nucellar originated. E.g. apple, pear, cherry, citrus, grape.
The dwarfing apple rootstocks like M27 & M9 require staking in early years due to brittle nature of their roots.
Rangpur lime, rough lemon & karna khatta – deep rooted.
Cleoptara mandarin, sweet lime & sweet orange – medium rooted.
Trifoliate orange – shallow rooted.
Uptake of K is lower in sweet orange in all the rootstocks except on Rangpur lime & Mosambi seedlings.
Petiolar ‘N’ contents is higher in Anab-e-Shahi on Dogridge rootstock.
In pear rootstocks, P. betulaefolia has high leaf N & K content.
Maturity of kinnow mandarin can be staggered for 21/2–3 months with the use of Troyer Citrange, Krana Khatta & Sour Orange.
Zizyphus numalari develop the system of inverted bottle neck disorder due to graft incompatibility.
Important Rootstock of Fruit Crops
| Fruit Crop | Rootstock | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Mango | Polyembryonic | Chandarkaran, Moovandan, Nekkare |
| Vellaikolamban | Salt tolerant | |
| Olour, Moovandan | Dwarfing & allopolyploid | |
| Kurrukan | Vigorous | |
| Kurrukan | Salt resistant polyembryonic | |
| Rumani, Creeping, Totapuri Red Small | Dwarfing | |
| Bappakai | Best for Neelum | |
| 13/1 (Israel) | Tolerant to calcareous soils | |
| Citrus | Rangpur Lime | Tolerant to tristiza, salt and soil toxicity, suitable for heavy and deep soils, suitable for mandarin and sweet orange but susceptible to foot rot, burrowing nematode and exocortis. |
| Rough lemon | Tolerant to tristeza, xyloporosis, exocortis, gummosis and greening but susceptible to blight. Commonly used in Punjab and deep soils. | |
| Karna Khatta | Semi-vigorous rootstock for Kinnow but incompatible with kagzi lime and blood red malta. | |
| Sour orange | Cold hardy, resistant to phytophthora root rot but highly susceptible to tristeza. Suitable for sandy loam soils. | |
| Trifoliate orange | Cold hardy, resistant to phytophthora, tristeza, nematode and salt but incompatible with lime, lemon and mosambi. | |
| Flying dragon | Highly suitable for HDP and resistant to tristeza virus. Used for Fortunella. | |
| Soh Sharkar | Dwarfing for kinnow | |
| Severinia bouxifolia | Salt resistant | |
| Cleopatra mandarin | Colt hardy, tolerant to tristeza, nematode and salt and resistant to xyloporosis, exocortis and greening | |
| Citrus unshiu | Tolerant to freezing | |
| Citranges | Tolerant to citranges and gummosis | |
| Feronia limonia | Most dwarfing but not commercial | |
| Citron, Kumquat | Highly resistant to citrus canker | |
| Guava | Chinese guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) | Dwarfing, resistant to wilt and nematode |
| Anuploid No. 82 (Pusa Srijan), 2n+2 | Dwarfing and resistant to wilt | |
| Psidium friedrichsthalianum var. lucidum | Wilt resistant | |
| P. pumilum | Most dwarfing rootstock | |
| P. mole | Wilt resistant and also dwarfing | |
| Sapota | Rayan/Khirni (Manilkara hexandra) | Commercially used in India for most of the varieties |
| Chrysophyllum lanceeolatum | Wider soil adoptability | |
| Grape | Salt Creek and Dogridge | Salt and nematode resistant |
| Temple | Resistant to pierce disease, anthracnose and Downey mildew (multiple disease resistant) | |
| St. George, Ripario, Gloria | Resistant to phylloxera root louse | |
| Dogridge | Suitable for drought and saline prone areas | |
| V. cahmpini, V. riparia, V. champini | Soil salinity tolerant | |
| Ber | Zizyphus nummularia | Its prone to inverted bottle neck disorder, utilization for HDP and salt tolerant |
| Z. rotundifolia | Deep rooted so suitable for arid zones | |
| Jamun | Syzygium denciflara, S. fruiticosum | Resistant to termite |
| Fig | Ficus glomerata | Root knot nematode resistant |
| Custard apple | Annona glomerata (pond apple) | Suitable for various conditions |
| Avocado | Mexican race | Winter hardy |
| Duke-7 | Tolerant to phytophthora root rot | |
| Zentmyr, Uzi, Steddom | Also tolerant to phytophthora | |
| Persimmon | Diospyros virginiana | Suitable for damp and heavy soils |
| Apple | Crab apple | Seedling rootstock |
| M9 | Chance seedling, highly suitable for HDP | |
| M27 (M13 x M9) | Ultra dwarfing, suitable for HDP | |
| MM104, MM106 | Resistant to wooly apple aphid | |
| MM111, MM104 | Drought resistant | |
| MM106 | Favourite rootstock for hedgerow and bush tree | |
| Northern Spy | Wooly apple aphid resistant | |
| M. sikkimiensis, M. hupehensis, M. toringoides | Recurrent apomictic | |
| MM111 | Vigorous | |
| G.41 | New dwarfing rootstock, highly resistant to fire blight and phytophthora | |
| G.16 | New fully dwarf rootstock, resistant to fire blight and generally used as a substitute of M9 | |
| G935 | Winter hardy | |
| MM – series | WAA – resistant | |
| EMLA series | Free from virus | |
| Peach | Nemaguard | Resistant to nematode and crown gall |
| Nemaguard, Nemared, Shalil and Yunnan | Resistant to neamatode | |
| GF-557 | Nematode resistant | |
| GF-677 (natural peach and almond hybrid) | Suitable for calcareous soils | |
| Prunus besseyi, Ruters red leaf and Rubira | Dwarfing | |
| Sharpe | Tolerant to fungus | |
| Julior, Penta | Suitable for water logged soils | |
| Titan hybrid | Highly vigorous, reisistant to nematode | |
| Pear | Seedling rootstock | Kainth (P. pashia), commercially used in India |
| Quince A | Vigorous | |
| Quince B | Semi-vigorous | |
| Quince C | Dwarfing | |
| P. pyrifoilia | Commercially used for hills | |
| OHF series | Resistant to fire blight | |
| Old Home and Farmindale | Resistant to fire blight | |
| D-4 (P. calleryana) | Most vigorous rootstock | |
| Plum | Seedling rootstock | Wild apricot |
| Pixie and St. Julien K | Dwarfing rootstock | |
| St. Julien A | Vigorous | |
| Myrobalan | Resistant to cold, collar rot and nematodes | |
| Myrobalan | Resistant to bacterial gummosis | |
| Mariana (P. cerasifera x P. munsoniana) | Nematode resistant | |
| Apricot | Wild apricot | Commercially used in India |
| Haggith | Cold hardy | |
| Prunus besseyi | Dwarfing rootstock | |
| Walnut | Paradox (J. hindsi x J. nigra) | Shows delayed incompatibility, vigorous |
| J. hindsi | Tolerant to waterlogged soils | |
| J. nigra | Resistant to crown rot but susceptible to waterlogged soils and nematodes | |
| Cherry | Colt and charger | Dwarf |
| Mahaleb (P. mehalab) | Most drought tolerant and suitable for deep soils | |
| Mazzard (P. avium) | Dwarf, commercially rootstock of sweet cherry | |
| F12/1 | Tolerant to bacterial canker, recommended for HP | |
| Gisela | Cold hardy | |
| Wild cherry (P. puddum) | Show delay incompatibility | |
| Olive | Olea huspidata | Nematode resistant |
| Bael | Aegle fraeglegaboensis |